Estratégias nutricionais na alimentação de suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted on with growing and finishing pigs. In the first experiment, the objective was to evaluate the effects of different levels of soluble protein in potassium hydroxide (PS-KOH) from soybean meal on performance, blood biochemical and hematological profiles, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), and features of carcass and meat quality. In the second experiment, the objective was to evaluate the supplementation of different blends of exogenous enzymes on performance, fecal consistency score, blood biochemical and hematological profiles, ATTD, and features of carcass and meat quality. Experiment I: 80 pigs (35.24 kg ± 2.09 kg) intact male hybrids (Landrace × Large White) were used for 88 days in 4 dietary treatments: diet with 75% PS-KOH of FS (FS75), diet with 77% PS-KOH of FS (FS77), diet with 80% PS-KOH of FS (FS80), diet with 85% PS-KOH of FS (FS85) in a randomized block design based on initial body weight, with 10 repetitions and 2 pigs per pen as the experimental unit. Finishing II pigs that consumed the FS75 and FS80 diets showed a higher (P=0.029) mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) than the FS85 diet. Growing II pigs that consumed the FS80 diet showed higher (P=0.005) digestible protein (DP) than those fed the FS75 or FS85 diets. In addition, digestible energy (DE) was higher (P=0.003) in the Growing II pigs fed the FS85 diet than those fed the FS75 or FS77 diets. The finishing pigs in phase II that consumed the FS85 diet had higher (P=0.019) DE than those on the FS77 diet. Animals fed the FS77 diet showed higher (P=0.036) carcass pH 24 hours after slaughter in the Longissimus thoracis muscle than the others. In conclusion, FS with values between 75% and 85% of PS-KOH are indicative of adequate thermal processing and do not harm growing and finishing pigs. Experiment II: A total of eighty entire male hybrid pigs (Landrace × Large White) (24.63 kg ± 0.61 kg) were used, assigned for 92 days to 4 dietary treatments: diet with 6-phytase, endo – 1,4 – β-xylanase (Xylanase), diet with 6-phytase, endo - 1,4 - β-xylanase, endo - 1,3 – β-glucanase (β-glucanase), diet with 6-phytase, endo – 1,4 – βxylanase, protease (Bacillus subtilis) (Protease), diet with 6-phytase, endo – 1,4 – β-xylanase, protease (Aspergillus niger), protease (Bacillus subtilis) (Two proteases), in a randomized block design based on initial body weight, with 10 repetitions and 2 pigs per pen as the experimental unit. The growth pigs phase III that consumed the diet with β-glucanase showed higher (P=0.006) final body weight (FBW) compared to the others. β-glucanase showed higher (P=0.006) daily weight gain (DWG) compared to xylanase, while the feed conversion (FC) for protease and β-glucanase was better (P=0.005) than that of xylanase. In finishing phase I, the

diet with β-glucanase showed better (P=0.014) FC than the diet with protease. Pigs that consumed xylanase in finishing phases I and II combined had higher (P=0.047) DWG than those that consumed two proteases. In the growth phase III, pigs fed with β-glucanase had higher platelet count (PLT) (P=0.023) and procalcitonin (PCT) (P=0.028) than pigs that consumed two proteases. Overall, the ADG was higher (P < 0.05) for pigs in growth phase III that were fed with β-glucanase, while the finishing II pigs showed higher (P<0.05) ADG when consuming xylanase, compared to the protease and two proteases diets. The FCR was higher (P=0.015) in pigs fed diets containing protease and two proteases when compared to xylanase. Pigs that consumed diets containing xylanase and β-glucanase showed higher (P=0.004) drip loss (DL) compared to the diet with two proteases. In conclusion, supplementation with enzyme blends containing carbohydrases provided improvements in zootechnical performance and ADG of growing and finishing pigs, with the blend containing phytase, xylanase, and βglucanase was more effective for growing pigs, while the blend containing phytase and xylanase stood out for finishing pigs.