A construção histórica da educação do campo no município de Francisco Beltrão-PR: 1998-2024.

Abstract

This research is part of the Graduate Program in Education of Francisco Beltrão (PPGEFB), within the Research Line Society, Knowledge, and Education. The construction of Country Education can be understood as the result of political struggle and grassroots organization in defense of a fundamental right guaranteed by the legal system, but not effectively materialized in social reality: the right to access quality education within one’s own living space,while considering and respecting the specificities of rural populations through public policies and by recognizing the educational rights of peasant communities. In general, in Brazil, although it has existed as a specific educational modality for over a decade, Rural Education still lacks the real implementation of its principles. In this regard, the present study sought to analyze the historical construction of Rural Education in the municipality of Francisco Beltrão between 1998 and 2024. Based on the theoretical-methodological perspective of historical-dialectical materialism, the research was guided by a historiographical, theoretical, and documentary approach, focusing on educational policies for Rural Education and the collection of quantitative data through reports, dissertations, theses, official databases, the State Department of Education, the School Census, documents, online platforms, as well as field research in institutional archives, municipal records, official documents, oral reports, and other forms of records that enabled the identification and systematization of the data required for the study. It is understood that, within this historical period, numerous transformations occurred in agricultural and livestock production, population dynamics, land occupation, commercial and industrial activities, and social and educational aspects.Considering these elements, the following guiding questions were posed: What are the historical precedents of Rural Education in Brazil, in Paraná, in Southwestern Paraná, and in Francisco Beltrão? What economic, social, and educational transformations occurred in the municipality of Francisco Beltrão between 1952 and 2024? Regarding the historical precedents of Rural Education, what are the main aspects to be considered from the political-administrative emancipation in 1952 up to 1997? What are the main constitutive elements of the construction of Rural Education in Francisco Beltrão between 1998 and 2024? What are the current potentials and challenges of Rural Education in the municipality? Given that the countryside is marked by disputes between two antagonistic societal projects, represented by agribusiness and peasant agriculture, Rural Education emerges as a political alternative of resistance and, above all, as a pedagogy capable of transgressing the forms of political and pedagogical organization of schools based on urban paradigms. Throughout the investigation, we concluded that the history of Rural Education in Francisco Beltrão was permeated by numerous contradictions, linked to municipal party politics, which made it possible to construct a historical interpretation based on four key historical moments. These revealed both the historical depth of local political actions and the role of Rural Social Movements, which extended beyond their immediate materiality to act as mediators between local experience and the broader national movement for Rural Education