Goiabeira: propagação por estaquia em função de cultivares, auxinas e posição de retirada das estacas

Abstract

In the commercial production of guavas, the quality of the seedling is fundamental to the success in the formation of an orchard, resulting from asexual propagation, via cuttings. In view of the above, the objective was to evaluate the rooting potential of cuttings of guava cultivars depending on IBA concentrations, application methods and position of cuttings taken from the branch. Three experiments were carried out in a greenhouse under a shade cloth. In experiment I, 4 concentrations of IBA (1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 mg L-1) + control x 4 guava cultivars (Século XXI, Paluma, Pedro Sato, Tailandesa) were used. After 65 days of implementing the experiment, the following were evaluated: rooted cuttings (%), number of roots, root length (cm). In experiment II, 2 cutting positions were used in the branches (apical cuttings and median cuttings) x 4 cultivars (Século XX, Paluma, Pedro Sato and Tailandesa. After 70 days of implementation of the experiment, the following were evaluated: number of roots, length of roots (cm), number of shoots, length of shoots (cm), number of leaves on shoots, diameter of shoots (cm) In experiment III, 2 methods of applying indolebutyric acid were used (via hydroalcoholic solution and via talc) + control. After 60 days, the variables were evaluated: rooted cuttings (%), number of roots, root length (cm), sprouted cuttings (%), number of shoots, number of leaves, length of shoots (cm), shoot diameter (cm). The rooting efficiency of herbaceous cuttings from guava cultivars was observed with AIB concentrations above 4000 mg L⁻¹, with the Tailandesa cultivar showing superior rooting performance compared to the others. Root system formation occurred in both herbaceous and semi-hardwood cuttings, with semi-hardwood cuttings favoring rooting across cultivars. Root induction in guava cuttings was optimized at 6000 mg L⁻¹ of AIB, regardless of the application method (hydroalcoholic solution or talc). Guava cuttings from the Tailandesa cultivar rooted best when AIB was applied via hydroalcoholic solution, followed by Pedro Sato. For the Século XXI and Paluma cultivars, the talc method yielded the best rooting results.