Caracterização das fenofases de vinte cultivares de hemerocale e manejo de adubação

Abstract

Daylily does not have a pre-established phenological cycle, which may vary according to the cultivar and the soil and climate conditions of the place of cultivation. In view of the above, the objective of the present work was to determine the phenological cycle, the best source and period of fertilization and also if the borate fertilization is necessary in the cultivation of daylily in Marechal Cândido Rondon. For the first experiment, twenty daylily cultivars were selected: Alessandra, Amália, Canário, Ilha Formosa, Flore plena, Margaret Mee, Sirocco, Castanho, Guaratiba, Picada Café, Cora Ofer, Daniela, Sofia, Lígia, Boa Vista, Ilha Misteriosa, Barbara, By Myself, Longhi, Annita. For the phenological evaluation, development phases were established and data were collected at each phase change of the plants, from the reestablishment of the same after pruning, until the end of flowering. The second experiment consists of the use of different fertilizer sources: control, chemical fertilization with NPK, organic fertilization with chicken manure and organic fertilization with cattle manure and four cultivars of daylily: Guaratiba, Cora Offer, Bárbara, By Myself. Fertilizations were calculated using as a basis the book of Fertilization and Liming Recommendations for the State of São Paulo, for the Amaryllis crop. The third experiment aims to determine the best fertilization period for daylily, where four different fertilization periods were established in four daylily cultivars, namely: Alessandra, Canário, Sofia, and Annita. The fourth experiment aimed to determine whether the addition of four different boron doses to chemical fertilization is able to modify and improve the flowering period and morphological characteristics of daylilies. In the fertilization experiments, productive characteristics of the plants such as number of flowers and flowering period were evaluated, as well as morphological characteristics such as fresh flower biomass, flower diameter, length and stem diameter. The phenological cycle of daylily can last from 58 to 151 days, varying according to the cultivar. The cultivars Margaret Mee and Guaratiba showed the longest flowering period. The cultivars Alessandra, Ilha Formosa, Margaret Mee and Guaratiba had the highest number of flowers. For the sources of fertilization, the cultivar Guaratiba was the one that stood out for the number of flowers produced, along with cattle manure and poultry litter. The cultivar By Myself was the one that presented the largest fresh biomass of the flower and also the largest diameter of the floral stems and the cultivar Guaratiba presented the largest diameter of the flowers. During fertilization periods, some daylily cultivars were more sensitive to different fertilization periods, both for the duration of their phenological phases and for their morphological development. The daylily cultivars when subjected to smudged fertilization were not responsive therefore the application of boron is not necessary.