Resgate histórico e análise espaço-temporal da ocupação da terra indígena de Mangueirinha, Paraná (1975 a 2019)

Abstract

The current scenario of exploitation and degradation of nature in Brazil is the historical result of an agro-exporting system implemented since the beginning of the country territorial occupation, but which after the 1960s, with the effects of the Green Revolution, expanded agricultural cultivation areas, as well as the use of agrochemicals (pesticides and synthetic fertilizers) allied to this exporting matrix. Since the beginning of Brazilian colonization, native peoples have been decimated and pushed into less usable spaces for agricultural practices. In view of this scenario, the master's degree proposal research has emerged, in order to contribute to the surveys in the environmental and territoral areas, which sought to analyze the forest cover and land use in the Mangueirinha Indigenous Land. Initially, the research addresses issues relevant to the objectives and the methodology used, followed by a theoretical basis based on bibliographic research and maps (political; physical; maps of forest cover and land use in the last five decades; among others). The theoretical part deals with the relationship between society and nature, the social and natural degradation in Brazil and the Green Revolution. With a view to understand the territorialities that surround the Mangueirinha Indigenous Land, located in the Southwest of Paraná State, there is a theoretical documentary research dealing with its location, vegetation, plots division, legal disputes and areas that are being degraded by the advance of capitalist agriculture. Then, the analysis of the territory forest cover is analyzed, based on maps generated for the years 1975, 1984, 1994, 2003, 2011 and 2019, and it is also possible to estimate the spaces that are no longer primary forests, those that became forest places in an advanced stage and the spaces that remained as forest between the analyzed years. Based on the analyzes, therefore, it was found that in recent years, there have been numerous changes in the forest cover of the Mangueirinha Indigenous Land, mainly in view of the logging of native vegetation species, especially Araucária Angustifolia. Currently, it was noted that a large part of the territory is made up of forests, but that a good part of them is made up of secondary forests, which have been regenerated in areas that were deforested in the p