Grãos secos de destilaria com solúveis (DDGS) na alimentação de frangos de corte

Abstract

Aiming to evaluate the inclusion effect of corn distillers dried grain with solubles (DDGS) in the poultry feeding from 1 to 21 and from 22 to 42 days of old, two experiments were carried out. In experiment I, 980 one-day-old male broiler chickens with a mean initial weight of 36.43 ± 0.18 g were distributed in a completely randomized design with seven DDGS inclusion levels (0.1, 4.7, 10, 13 and 16%) and seven replications with 20 birds per experimental unit (EU). DDGS was used in the experimental feed of birds from 1 to 21 days of old, and in the period from 22 to 42 days, and a single basal diet was provided, without co-product inclusion. Weight gain, mean feed intake and feed conversion were evaluated at 21 and 42 days. At 21 days blood samples were taken to determine the blood parameters and at 21 and 42 days two birds from each EU were slaughtered to determine the relative organs weight the gastrointestinal tract, intestinal length, jejunum morphometry, carcass yield, cuts and meat quality. In experiment II, 980 broilers with 22 days with old and initial mean weight of 922.86 ± 4.45 g were distributed in a completely randomized design with seven DDGS inclusion levels (0; 1; 4; 7; 10; 13 and 16%) and seven replications with 20 birds per experimental unit (EU), being evaluated weight gain, mean feed intake and feed conversion. At 42 days, blood samples were collected to determine the blood parameters and two birds per EU were slaughtered to evaluate the relative organs weight of organs of the gastrointestinal tract, intestinal length, carcass yield, cuts and meat quality. At the end of the experimental period, litter quality was also measured. The data collected in both experiments were submitted to variance analysis (P <0.05) and subsequent polynomial regression at 5% of probability, excluding control ration. In addition, the Dunnett test (P <0.05) was used. In experiment I DDGS inclusion levels did not affect weight gain, mean feed intake, feed conversion, carcass yield and cuts. The concentration of albumin increased according to the inclusion DDGS levels in the diet, however, there was a decrease in gamma glutamyltransferase concentrations. The use of 13% DDGS increased the albumin concentration in relation to control diet, while the levels of 10, 13 and 16% of the coproduct reduced alanine aminotransferase concentrations. An increase in the relative weight of the large intestine at 21 days of age was observed when 10, 13 and 16% of DDGS were included in comparison with the feed without the co-product. The villus height was shallower when the DDGS inclusion reached 9.47%, but with the increase of the co-product levels of the in the diet, there was a reduction in crypt depth and a highest relation villus: crypt. The inclusion of 13% DDGS reduced villus height and crypt depth compared to control ration, however, the use of 16% co-product provided a higher villi-crypt ratio. The pH 15 minutes post mortem was lower when the DDGS inclusion reached 8.30%. The use of 10% DDGS compared to non-use of this co-product in feed resulted in a decrease in pH when measured 15 minutes after slaughter. The yellow color of the meat 24 hours after slaughter was more intense with 1 and 10% of DDGS. Thus, it was concluded that the DDGS inclusion of up to 16% in chickens’ diet from 1 to 21 days does not affect the performance, carcass yield and cuts at 42 days. In the experiment II, DDGS inclusion levels did not affect weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, carcass yield, cut yield, meat and litter quality from 22 to 42 days of age. The cholesterol concentration was lower when the DDGS inclusion reached 6.30%. The DDGS inclusion of 16%, as well as the use of 13 and 16% of the co-product, respectively, increased cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations when compared to control diet. The use of DDGS influences glucose concentration, where the control diet had the lowest amount of this metabolite in the serum. Albumin and aspartate aminotransferase had a higher concentration in the inclusion of 16% DDGS when compared to the feed without the co-product. The use of 1% DDGS provided a hypotrophy in liver however, the other levels did not significantly affect this organ when compared to the control ration. The meat red color at 24 hours post mortem reached the maximum point with the use of 8.37% of DDGS. Therefore, it is concluded that the inclusion of 16% DDGS can be performed without affecting the performance, carcass yield, cuts and litter quality from 22 to 42 days of age of the birds.