As políticas para a Educação Superior nos governos Lula e Dilma: uma análise do Prouni e Fies

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the process of expanding access to Higher Education in Brazil through Prouni and Fies. This dissertation is based on the analysis concerning the bibliographic production of authors who deal about the access to the Higher Education level during the government of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Dilma Roussef in the corresponding period from 2003 to 2014. In order to do that, this work is divided in two chapters that present historical aspects and political guidance about the Higher Education contemplating from the State reform since Fernando Henrique Cardoso to Dilma government, in the second chapter it is being addressed the understanding of researchers in the policy field for Higher Education as well as the movement of privatization/mercantilization of this education level. However, it is considered that the national Higher Education system still does not address the broad part of the population in Brazil, even with the policies and programs gestated in the last governments above mentioned, so it is still necessary the expansion of the access to the Higher Education in the public pole. On the other hand, the expansion of the access must occur without direct or indirect delegations of this responsibility to the private sector, as well, without the allocation of public funds, even if indirect, for the private higher education institutions, such as the tax waiver promoted by the Brazilian program University for All Program (Prouni) when buying private schools vacancies as a way of access increasing. The neoliberal principles in Brazilian public policies are imposed by international organizations and various governments that adhered to these principles for the global economy, with a project global of organization of the society in a coordinated policy where, despite the state plays a fundamental role in the formulation and execution of the social policies it does not mean that these involve only the public sphere. From the readings and analyzes of the authors mentioned in this dissertation, it was identified in the context of the educational reforms implemented in the 1980s and 1990s, that the policies for higher education resulted in the school exclusion of the higher degree of the working class and deterioration of the public system education, distancing more and more the possibility of access to higher education, although it is very heralded a discourse of democratization of this level of education.