O acesso e a permanência à educação escolar no município de Renascença-PR: percurso de crianças do campo à única escola municipal

Abstract

Despite the constitutional advances by improving and guaranteeing its rights, the Rural Education still represents an environment to the struggle and social movements mobilization and rural social organizations for its support and recognition. Contradictions are evident between what is written in the constitution, and what have really been practiced nationally about the rural schools. Through this research we aim to discuss the public policies performance that underpin the rights to Rural Education and support the access and permanence in Basic Education in the municipality of Renascença/PR. This project involves a rare educative phenomenal in Paraná southwest region, that it is a centralization of access to Kindergarten and Elementary School levels at the only school that is in the city, due to the result of permanently closing of countryside ones, that it was encouraged by the educational policies of the decade of 1990. Renascença is an agrarian town, but it does not have Rural Schools, what it is a peculiar and contradictory situation since there are so rural settlements and agrarian reform camps. With this research, we tried to understand how the education rights are guaranteed to the children of rural workers at the only school and what the real conditions of access by school transportation are. Under a bibliographical and documentary study, we approached the education rights based on educational policies, in order to understand what the multiple determinations that interfere with the education rights of rural people are. We seek to explain what the implications in the offer of Rural Education are, through the categories of the equal rights and the diversity rights and its importance for the implementation and support of the rural schools. The research is characterized as qualitative, it was developed through a case study, based on observations of the school reality, documentary analysis, quizzes and semi-structured interviews with the purpose of proving our perceptions that the Rural Education rights has not been guaranteed. Throughout the text we discuss the mechanisms of educational policies that limit the rights to education to the rural people. Among the results, we highlighted that the struggle for a Rural Education is only recognized and institutions are maintained, in face of the mobilization of social subjects and rural social movements. Although there is the speech of supporting schools and constitutional documents guaranteeing Rural Education, there is a strong trend to permanently close these institutions, given neoliberal practices and resource management. Although the equal rights is an important achievement in our society, the diversity rights represents the recognition of anything that is not common to all, the strengthening of identity. In the course of our research we noted the need to improve public policies that would really ensure Rural Education for rural people.