O desenvolvimento psicossexual na criança com autismo no espaço educativo: um estudo empírico bibliográfico à luz da psicanálise

Abstract

In the present research we investigate about sexuality in children with autism. The development of sexuality in the child is a subject little discussed and full of cultural and social prejudices. This research investigated, dialectically, the development of sexuality in children with autism in educational settings. Autism, classified by the DSM-V (2013) as TEA (Autism Spectrum Disorder) is a theme that has gained social visibility and is increasingly occupying space in academic and scientific research. We aim to discuss theoretically, in the first chapter, the path that autism has historically traversed to become a clinical entity for psychiatry and psychoanalysis. Therefore, we present the historical course, about the mental illness, until the moment in the twentieth century, the existence of childhood psychopathology was recognized. In the second chapter, we deal with child sexuality and sexuality in autism from the point of view of psychoanalysis. For this purpose, we choose the fundamental concepts of psychoanalysis, starting with Freud. In the third chapter, we point out the history of sex education in Brazil, the legal achievements and inclusion policies aimed at people with autism, and we discuss the results of our field research conducted with the teachers of the Associação de Proteção aos Autistas de Dois Vizinhos - APADV. As the research method is the dialectical historical materialist, the historical and critical investigation about sexuality in the child with autism, is necessary for the understanding, the paths and the course of the studies on the child with autism, in the current molds. It is a research of empirical bibliographical and qualitative approach. Autism, because it is a topic permeated by taboos, generates questions and interests in different areas of knowledge. Sexuality, in turn, also shapes itself as a theme permeated by social conventions and historical taboos. We highlight, therefore, the challenge of an investigation involving subjects so socially debated: sexuality in the child and the child with autism. We emphasize that teachers, although reporting the manifestations of sexuality, in the child with autism, do not recognize such manifestations as having a sexual character, because they understand the child with autism as an asexual being, and because of the lack of knowledge about the concepts of sexuality and child sexuality. We conclude, in line with our research method that sexuality in the child with autism, is an ontological construct, and each child should be looked at and understood beyond a diagnosis restricted to the characteristics of autistic disorder. Therefore, there is a need for emancipatory sexual education training for the investigated teachers, with the intention that sensitivity and scientific knowledge contribute to looking at the child with autism in its entirety.