Concepções e fundamentos do pacto nacional pela alfabetização na idade certa e seus desdobramentos na formação de alfabetizadores na perspectiva de uma alfabetização emancipatória em Xaxim/SC

Abstract

The survey, conducted in 2015, aimed to analyze the concepts and fundamentals of the National Pact for Literacy in the Age One (PNAIC) and its development in the training of literacy teachers, in view of an emancipatory literacy. In the methodology, taking as reference the constituidores documents PNAIC, implemented by the Ministry of Education and Culture (MEC), in 2013; literature review on the subject; and interviews with twenty and two literacy teachers, two guiding studies and a local coordinator of PNAIC the city of Xaxim / SC, all participants in the formation of PNAIC. The development of the argument is from the historical period of literacy training programs conducted from 2000 to 2015 in Brazil. Data were analyzed from theoretical and methodological assumptions of historical materialism, Marx (1989), theoretical option that enabled critical reflection on the concept of literacy and training of literacy in full perspective of their relations and contradictions. Issues relating to literacy they are substantiated in cultural-historical perspective of language, Vigotski (1993, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2006, 2010, 2012), Luria (1988) and Leontiev (1978), the dialogical perspective of language, Bakhtin (1992), and studies on literacy and mother tongue teaching in Brazil, Britto (2003, 2005, 2009), Geraldi (2006) and Mortatti (1999, 2000, 2005, 2006, 2007). The results show that the constitution, the foundation and organization of PNAIC are intrinsically related to literacy training programs developed from 2000 to 2013, linked to the educational reforms of the late 1990s due to national state-control policies, as demands neoliberalism (SOARES, 2008), whose principles are centered on the notion of competence (GATTI; BARRETO, 2009) and seek to form the literacy from personal experiences, which emphasizes the pseudococretismo. The principles of the proposed PNAIC materialize in an attempt to alphabetize all at the end of the cycle for the literacy until the age of eight, they are guided by the constructivist perspective, in which the knowledge produced in and practice replace the theoretical training , a factor that distance from literacy the possibility of philosophical reflection, secundariza scientific knowledge and prevents a critical theoretical basic training for reflection on the determinants that shape literacy in class society. Guide the literacy from the literacy perspective, assume a playful teaching and the linkage of literacy practices of the results of large-scale assessments, national and international, for which also guides the (con) training of literacy. The data indicate that the formation by PNAIC did not provide significant impact in teaching activities in order to contribute to an emancipatory literacy, with the development of critical knowledge. Instead, the program maintains continuity with the educational policies that make literacy a formative stage for streamlined work.