Análise epidemiológica: ocorrência de doenças invasivas pelo Streptococcus pyogenes

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the morbidity and mortality of invasive diseases caused by Streptococcus pyogenes in a trinational border municipality, estimating epidemiological indicators of hospitalization and lethality, characterizing the sociodemographic and clinical profile of the cases, and identifying factors associated with death. Methods: An epidemiological, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted with 41 cases of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes diseases reported in Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil, between 2023 and 2025. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and patient outcomes were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. Results: Among the 41 cases analyzed, there was a predominance of females (56.1%), adults (53.7%) and residents of Brazil (92.7%). Skin and soft tissue infections accounted for the main infectious focus (39.0%), followed by pulmonary infections (26.8%). Among the patients, 26.8% had comorbidities and 29.3% died. The most frequent signs and symptoms were fever (81.8%), pain (48.5%), hyperemia/purpura/rash (45.5%) and edema (45.5%). The most used antimicrobials were clindamycin (59.4%) and ceftriaxone (50.0%). Lethality remained high and stable during the period analyzed, ranging from 27.3% to 30.4%, with no statistically significant difference between the years (p=0.9812). The logistic regression model did not identify a statistically significant association between death and the sociodemographic or clinical variables evaluated. Conclusions: Invasive diseases caused by S. pyogenes showed high lethality in the city studied, with a predominance of cases in adults, women, and individuals with skin and soft tissue involvement. Although no factors associated with death were identified, the results highlight the epidemiological relevance of these infections in the triple border region and reinforce the need to strengthen epidemiological surveillance, laboratory diagnostic capacity, and early recognition of severe cases.