Análise da viabilidade técnico econômica na criação de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) em tanques escavados em Rondônia, Brasil

Abstract

Aquaculture has emerged as one of the most dynamic agro-productive activities worldwide, contributing to food security, income generation, and regional development. In Brazil, fish farming has gained increasing importance, with tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) standing out as the main native species cultivated, especially in the Amazon region. The present study aimed to analyze the technical and economic feasibility of tambaqui farming in earthen ponds in the state of Rondônia, evaluating productive and financial performance indicators, as well as comparing management strategies, with emphasis on partial harvesting. For this purpose, the research was conducted on a fish farm of 125.2 hectares, located in Cujubim (RO), consisting of 34 grow-out ponds and 11 nursery ponds. Data collected between 2018 and 2022 were analyzed, including production costs, feed prices, revenues, and zootechnical indicators. The economic analyses included the calculation of Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period, Gross Margin, Profitability Index, and Break-even Point, complemented by sensitivity simulations. The results showed that the initial investment was R$ 7,499,693.43, with an annual operating cost of R$ 6,219,530.54. Feed accounted for 82.4% of total costs. The average productivity reached 7,223.99 kg/ha/year, with a gross margin of 9.10% and profitability of 8.33%. The financial analysis indicated a negative NPV (-R$ 30,337,583.19) and an IRR of -6.11% for a minimum attractive rate of 10%, demonstrating economic unfeasibility under current conditions. However, the sensitivity analysis showed that a 10% increase in fish selling price (R$ 8.83/kg) would result in a positive NPV of R$ 18,814,111.43 and an IRR of 17.26%, making the activity economically viable. In the comparative study between management strategies, partial harvesting showed higher productivity (10,474.34 kg/ha) but higher costs and lower profitability (1.81%) compared to total harvesting (13.88%), which proved to be more economically efficient.