Frequência alimentar, nível de atividade, perfil hormonal e perfil oxidativo sistêmico em mulheres pré-menopáusicas

Abstract

Women’s reproductive phases involve physiological changes influenced by hormonal, behavioral, and environmental factors. In the premenopausal period, although menstrual cycles remain regular, inadequate lifestyle habits may contribute to early metabolic changes, hormonal imbalance, and increased oxidative stress. Therefore, investigating the relationship between diet, physical activity, and hormonal status during this stage can support preventive strategies and health promotion throughout aging. This study aimed to characterize premenopausal women living in Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil, and analyze the relationship between dietary habits, physical activity level, hormonal profile, and systemic oxidative stress indicators. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 49 women aged 25 to 54 years. Sociodemographic and dietary data were obtained using structured questionnaires, including a food frequency questionnaire with classification into seven food groups. Physical activity practice was categorized into three intensity levels based on frequency, duration, and type of exercise. Peripheral blood was collected to measure estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone levels and to assess systemic oxidative stress through plasma total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation. Data were analyzed using parametric and non-parametric statistical tests, and a significance level of p<0.05 was adopted. A significant association was found between physical activity level, presence of comorbidities, and continuous medication use, indicating that more active women tend to present better overall health status. Dietary patterns were predominantly intermediate across all food groups analyzed, suggesting room for improvement in nutritional quality. Although biochemical analyses did not show statistically significant differences in hormone concentrations or oxidative stress markers between physical activity levels, a favorable trend was observed among physically active participants. These results indicate that healthy lifestyle behaviors may contribute to better metabolic and reproductive balance during premenopause, reinforcing the importance of encouraging preventive actions beginning in early adulthood.