Emissões de um motor gerador abastecido com biodiesel de óleo residual de salmão

Abstract

Law nº. 11,097/2005 was a milestone in Brazil, establishing the addition of biodiesel to diesel, with a projection of 15% by 2026. The use of salmon waste oil as a source for biodiesel stands out as a promising alternative, taking advantage of agro industrial waste and contributing to the search for renewable energy sources, in line with the goals established by Brazilian legislation. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the emissions of a 5 HP generator engine using S10 diesel and different blends of salmon biodiesel. The methodology involved the production of biodiesel via methyl transesterification with salmon oil, methanol, and sodium hydroxide. The following fuel blends were prepared: BP0 (100% S10 diesel), BP14 (14% biodiesel), BP30 (30% biodiesel), and BP100 (100% biodiesel). Physical chemical analyses included density, kinematic viscosity, and higher heating value. Bench tests evaluated fuel consumption and gas emissions (CO, CO₂, NOx, HC) at different torques. The results showed that BP100 had higher density (0.882 g/cm³) and viscosity (3.01 mm²/s) than BP0 (0.832 g/cm³ and 1.96 mm²/s), while its calorific value was lower (39.23 MJ/kg versus 45.03 MJ/kg for BP0). Regarding emissions, at low torques, BP0 presented lower CO, but at higher torques, the biodiesel blends demonstrated lower emissions. CO₂ increased with torque for all fuels, being slightly higher in biodiesel blends at high torques. Nox emissions increased with torque, but BP100 recorded the lowest emissions. Hydrocarbons (HC) were higher with biodiesel at low torques. The study demonstrated that biodiesel from salmon waste oil is an energy alternative, with emphasis on the BP30 blend.