Qualidade física, carbono orgânico do solo e produtividade de milho e soja após aplicação de remineralizador basáltico associado a cama de frango e consórcios de plantas de cobertura

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of basalt rock powder associated with cover crops and chicken litter on soil physical properties, total soil organic carbon (TOC), cover crop dry matter yield, and corn and soybean yield. The experimental design was randomized block in a splitstrip scheme with two additional treatments and four replicates. The primary strips consisted of three cover crop consortia: black oat + forage turnip (mix 1); white lupin + forage pea (mix 2); and oat + turnip + lupin + pea (mix 3). The secondary strips were: presence or absence of chicken litter (6 Mg ha-1). The sub-stripes were: presence or absence of rock powder (8 Mg ha-1). The additional treatments were: absolute control and control with chemical fertilizer. Penetration resistance (PR) down to 0.40 m, bulk density, porosity, and total soil carbon were evaluated in four layers (0.00.05; 0.05-0.10; 0.10-0.15, and 0.15-0.20 m) before and after harvesting summer crops (12 and 24 months after the start of the experiment). The dry mass productivity of cover crops was determined during the flowering period. Summer crops were manually harvested in the useful area of the plots, threshed, and weighed to assess productivity. The dry mass productivity of consortia was higher in the presence of rock powder and chicken litter; the use of rock powder, chicken litter, and cover crops in consortia provided higher soil TOC content; the use of chicken litter, as well as the association of cover crops in the presence of rock powder, promoted a reduction in PR; the consortia and the use of chicken litter and rock powder did not reduce soil density, but did not negatively interfere with macroporosity, microporosity and soil PT; the use of rock powder and chicken litter provided greater corn and soybean productivity.