Um guia para implementação da abordagem Indústria 4.0 para pequenas empresas do agronegócio

Abstract

This research was developed based on the recognition of the importance of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) for the Brazilian economy, especially in the metal-mechanic agribusiness sector in Western Paraná, and the challenges these organizations face, such as high mortality rates, low productivity, and limited adoption of digital technologies. The main objective was to create a practical guide tailored to the reality of these companies to facilitate their transition to Industry 4.0, promoting competitiveness and sustainability. Although MSEs represent the majority of companies and jobs in Brazil, they still face significant barriers to innovation and digitalization, requiring specific and accessible strategies. Grounded in a robust theoretical framework, a unified assessment model was developed and applied to ten companies in the sector using a structured questionnaire with 190 questions covering nine dimensions, such as leadership, processes, technology, and value chain. The initial diagnosis revealed higher maturity in products, value chain, and human resources, but weaknesses in technology and processes, with an overall average maturity of 65%. Based on this mapping, an implementation guide was developed in progressive stages—diagnosis, preparation, digitalization, automation—prioritizing low-cost solutions, integrated management, gradual digitalization, as well as indicating funding sources and monitoring indicators. The guide was applied to the participating companies, which began using digital management, production control, and data analysis tools, resulting in significant advances such as an increase in maturity to 69%, improvements in technology and processes, greater productivity, organization, waste reduction, and digital integration. For academia, the thesis presents a replicable and adaptable methodological model for different regional and sectoral contexts, expanding knowledge on digital transformation strategies in small agribusiness companies. In the research field, it highlights the importance of integrating theory, practical diagnosis, and customized solutions, and opens new perspectives for studies on the impacts of Industry 4.0 on local production chains and innovation in low technological maturity environments.