Mapeamento geológico-geotécnico como mecanismo de auxílio ao planejamento urbano e rural no município de Cascavel

Abstract

Digital soil mapping through radar image acquisition enables enhanced understanding, optimization, and management of soil resources, thereby promoting more sustainable practices. The study area encompasses a region of significant geological and environmental interest, as it marks the convergence of three major hydrographic basins: Piquiri, Iguaçu, and Paraná 3, all intersecting within the municipality of Cascavel. The primary objective of this research is to develop a geological-geotechnical mapping of the region, employing geoprocessing techniques as tools for environmental planning. The study integrates data from Standard Penetration Test (SPT) borehole reports provided by Fundações e Geologia Ltda. (Fungeo), radar images from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) supplied by the National Institute for Space Research (INPE), and rainfall data from meteorological stations of the Institute for Water and Land Management (IAT). These datasets were processed and analyzed using QGIS and AutoCAD Civil 3D software, with the aim of generating environmental vulnerability maps. The research proposes the creation of maps assessing the degree of environmental vulnerability based on attributes such as geomorphology, geology, soils, vegetation, and climate, in addition to identifying the potential and emergent vulnerability of the study area. The applied methodology seeks to provide an integrated view of environmental conditions and associated risks related to land use and occupation, thus supporting both urban and rural planning within the municipality. The mapping revealed that the potential vulnerability predominantly falls within the "Moderately Stable/Vulnerable" class, covering an area of 1,683.4 km² (81.39%). In contrast, the emergent vulnerability analysis indicated a predominance of the "Moderately Vulnerable" class, accounting for 1,129.6 km² (54.91%). This pattern is directly linked to the replacement of native vegetation with monocultures, pastures, and urbanized areas. The emergent vulnerability analysis highlighted a more concerning scenario, demonstrating the significant influence of anthropogenic activities on environmental balance. Consequently, the observed environmental fragility underscores the urgent need for conservation efforts and more efficient territorial planning, including measures such as the restoration of degraded areas, promotion of sustainable land management practices, and implementation of public policies aimed at environmental preservation.