Crescimento e desenvolvimento de roseira-do-deserto, em função dos métodos de propagação

Abstract

Although the introduction and trade are not so recent in Brazil, the desert rose still lacks technical, scientific and agronomic information, mainly related to its propagation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the emergence and growth of seedlings in substrates and environments, the rooting potential of desert rose cuttings depending on substrates and IBA concentrations, in addition to defining grafting patterns in canopy varieties. Therefore, three experiments were conducted in the seedling nursery, belonging to Unioeste. In experiment I, the experimental design used was in randomized blocks, in a 3 x 5 factorial scheme, (3 substrates (Carolina Soil®, Húmus Fértil®, Red Latosol + washed sand of medium texture + organic compost)) x (4 meshes of shading (black, white, silver and red)) and cultivation in full sun, consisting of 4 repetitions of 25 seeds. A count of emergencies was carried out and the emergence and emergence speed index were estimated. The length of the aerial part, stem diameter, number of leaves and root length were evaluated 50 days after sowing. After the evaluations, 4 replications and 2 plants/replication were transplanted into 1 L pots. The evaluations were carried out 125 days after transplanting, measuring: plant height, internode length, number of leaves, stem base diameter, dry and fresh mass of roots and stem and leaf area index. The use of Carolina Soil® regardless of the growing environment improved the emergence and initial development of desert rose. Carolina Soil® and Oxisol + sand + organic compost provided increases in the development of desert rose bushes in pots. Experiment II was conducted in a randomized block design, in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, with four substrates (Carolina Soil®, Humus Fértil® and Red Latossol + washed sand of medium texture + organic compost 2:1:1 (v:v :v)) x four concentrations of indolebutyric acid (0 mg L1, 500 mg L-1, 1000 mg L-1, 2000 mg L-1). After 75 days of implementing the experiment, the number of roots, number of shoots, average length of shoots, average diameter of shoots, number of leaves per plant, number of roots and root length were evaluated. The use of commercial substrates and sand promoted the rooting and growth of desert rose cuttings and the concentrations of indolebutyric acid associated with Carolina Soil® were efficient in root development. Experiment III was conducted in randomized blocks, in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme, (2 grafting methods (slope and full cleft grafting)) x (3 varieties (TS-278, Golden Faith and Rose Chen)), containing 3 repetitions and 3 grafts per repetition. At 145 days after grafting, set, number of shoots, number of leaves/plant and length and average diameter of the shoot(s) of the plant were recorded. The number of flowers was counted daily. The slope favors the production of flowers of the TS-278 varieties, followed by Rose Chen.