Água virtual na atividade avícola no oeste paranaense

Abstract

Water, a fundamental element for survival, has unequal access and finite, limited availability. This study aims to reflect on virtual water and water footprint in the poultry industry, structured in three articles. The first investigated national and international scientific production on virtual water and water footprint in meat consumption, using an integrative literature review. The research highlighted the variation of water footprint according to product, production, and geographic location, emphasizing the need for public policies to raise awareness about the resource. The second article estimated the quantitative flow of virtual water in the poultry industry in the Western region of Paraná, comparing data from 2010 and 2020. The results showed a significant increase in green and blue water footprint due to the expressive growth in chicken meat production. It is concluded that the poultry industry impacts water consumption and demands sustainable practices for decision-making in agro industries. The third article analyzed the perception of agro-industries in the Western region of Paraná on virtual water and water footprint, applying questionnaires with 30 questions. The results revealed significant differences among agro-industries and the need for greater strategic planning. The general conclusions highlight the relevance of the study and the need for sustainable practices in poultry production, aiming at sustainable development and conscious water use in the face of water scarcity. Moreover, the study emphasizes the importance of adopting measures that ensure the availability of potable water, protect water resources, and recover aquatic ecosystems for current and future generations. The research points to the urgency of promoting public policies and actions that encourage sustainable management of water resources in the poultry production chain. It is also crucial for agro-industries to take responsibility for water preservation and provide financial support to producers in case of a lack of resources in the poultry houses. Raising awareness about the Sustainable Development Goals and the partial implementation of these guidelines by agro-industries are essential steps in this process. In summary, this study highlights the need to rethink the relationship between the poultry industry, water consumption, and sustainable practices, seeking solutions that meet the sector's demands while preserving water resources and ensuring sustainable development for present and future generations.