Avaliação das harmônicas e das tensões de dois sistemas fixos de microgeração fotovoltaicos e um sistema com rastreador solar de minigeração fotovoltaica

Abstract

Energy, this commodity, capable of changing the course of a society, so present in modern times, It is undeniable its relevance for human beings, providing quality of life and dignity. Any nation pays special attention to energy policies, as the lack of energy security can lead to problems that affect the country's economy, in addition to putting at risk the health of its inhabitants, production losses and undesirable impacts in almost all sectors. But it is not enough just to worry about energy supply, the quality of energy is as important as its continuous supply. One of the ways to ensure energy security is the adoption of alternative energy sources, and in Brazil photovoltaic solar energy has been increasing considerably. From 2012 onwards, the Brazilian consumer can also be a generator of energy and inject the surplus into the electric system network, given this fact, this work involves field research in two fixed photovoltaic microgenerations with 4 kW and 7.5 kW inverter and a mini-generation with solar tracking composed of 100 kW inverters, located in the city of Cascavel-PR. In the results of this study it was noticed that the voltage harmonic distortion rate in all systems was within what is recommended by module 8 of PRODIST. In turn, with regard to the harmonic distortion rates of the current, the fixed system composed of a 7.5 kW inverter presented the smallest distortions, basically at sunrise and sunset, but the system composed of a 4 kW inverter in addition to injecting distortions above the NBR16.149 standard during the beginning and end of the day, it also injected distorted currents above the recommended at other times. The photovoltaic system with solar tracking composed of a 100 kW inverter was the system that obtained the best results, as there were shorter time intervals, during the beginning and end of the day, in which the inverter injected currents with distortions above acceptable. Finally, the three photovoltaic generation systems generated energy with the average value of the voltage within the limits recommended by the norm, however, with regard to voltage levels, the system with solar tracker, which has a higher power inverter, at times of higher solar incidence, presented voltage values very close to the maximum recommended limit.