Nise da Silveira e a psicologia analítica: contribuições pedagógicas para a inclusão de alunos autistas

Abstract

The present study islinked to the Master program in Education (PPGE / FB) in the research line “Culture, Educational Processes and Teacher Training”, and the Laboratory and Education and Sexuality Research Group - LABGEDUS, whose main subject is linked to educational processes and teacher training. Thus, the ramifications of this research happen with the aim of promoting a dialogue between the work of the Brazilian psychiatrist Nise da Silveira (1905-1999), the analytical psychology, and art as a therapeutic process, in order to point out pedagogical paths for the inclusion of autistic students. In order to achieve this goal, we organized the work into three sections. The first section presents the historical and social trajectory of Nise da Silveira, covering the significance of her meeting with Carl Gustav Jung and the concepts of autism for psychoanalysis and analytical psychology. The second section discusses the artistic role in the creation processes, stepping into the thematic of school inclusion, historically contextualizing the inclusion of students with autism, according to Brazilian legislation. The third and the last section brings the contributions of Nise da Silveira to be used as intentional practices in the inclusive education of children with autism, considering the Base Nacional Comum Curricular da Educação Infantil, since it is the guiding document of the pedagogical practice in teaching centers in Brazil. What interests us in Nise da Silveira's work is her conception of the subject and its posture towards psychiatric patients, which was developed through creative processes in order to socialize schizophrenics; as well as the contributions of Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961) to the work developed by Nise. It is a bibliographic-qualitative study in which literature was reviewed in the CAPES and BDTD databases, aside from bibliographies from primary and secondary sources. We use Nise da Silveira as the basis for studies and analysis, with the enthusiasm in her writings on creative processes, Carl Gustav Jung and Sigmund Freud to understand autism as a psychotic process or a process of disintegration of “self”. We use the authors Harvey, Marx and Mazzota to learn about school inclusion in a critical and reflective way. Thus, for the purpose of humanizing what has been considered as a thing, we deemed that the practices, used by Nise, progress parallel with the educational context, of autistic and non-autistic children. Through the didactic procedures, which we call "doing it in Nise", we concluded that many fields of experience of the Base Nacional Comum Curricular, can be explored, from the concept of subject developed by Nise.