Questões do desenvolvimento rural sustentável no Brasil: na ótica de multiplicadores de desenvolvimento rural sustentável em formação

Abstract

The sustainable rural development is composed by several relevant aspects, when treated as a spacious way, sistemic and effective. This characteristic demand of the actors involved the understanding of several factors that compose the structure of this science, on integrated, complex, objective and transdisciplinary way. The development for the freedom and the complexity of the relations and greening of the society show up series of challenges to be treated as an interdisciplinary way. The present investigation took the participants as a focus a public politics of dissemination of sustainable practices in the familiar agriculture executed in five regions of Brazil. Through a case study, in which participant and online questionnaires were used documents, observation, the relevant challenges were identified and placed in a hierarchy to the subject, realized by part of the actors and representatives of the public services. This process turned in the knowledge of the factors analysed according to the vision of the group. In the discussion of the results, the subjects were divided in five central subjects, which were analysed separately: technical assistance and rural extension, in a joint construction with the professionals; rural exodus and escape of the youth, identifying limitantes to the improvements processes in the field; formation of the network of multipliers, identifying structural, conceptual, education and cultural bottlenecks; agroecology and environmental education like an option to the predominant agricultural model; and rural environmental register, a technical urgency in the moment of the realization of the inquiry. It was possible to note the necessity of adaptation for the public policies of technical assistance and rural extension, as well as of a better evaluation of the educational contents, from the basic teaching up to the graduation, turned to the education in the field, and the difficulties in the dissemination of the agroecology and of the environmental education.