Gêneros discursivos em sala de aula: da teoria à prática pedagógica

Abstract

This research has as object of study the insertion and the pedagogical work with the discursive genres in the classroom of the third year of Elementary Education in the process of teaching and learning of written mother language. The research originated with the following question: how are teachers working with the discursive genres in the initial years of Elementary Education in the teaching of written mother language? The general objective was to understand how public school teachers work with the discursive genres in the initial years of Elementary Education. The specific objectives were: to identify the theoretical interfaces that subsidize the pedagogical work with the discursive genres in third years of elementary school; to list the activities developed by teachers with the discursive genres in the teaching and learning processes of the mother language; to present the subsidies offered to the teachers as a continuous formation for the direction of the pedagogical work with the discursive genres in the initial years of the elementary school; to analyze the conceptions of language and the theoretical references that the teachers support to work with the discursive genres. In order to achieve our objectives we have developed a bibliographical, documentary and field research. For the bibliographical research we support authors such as: Bakhtin (2011), Fiorin (2016), Machado (2013), Brotto (2008), Geraldi (2014), Duarte (2016), among others. Semi-structured interviews were used as data collection instruments with 4 teachers from 4 schools of the municipal education network of the city of Cascavel - PR and observations in the classroom of these teachers. The method that founded the research was the Dialectical Historical Materialism and the analysis of the enunciations of the subjects of the research and of the observations was made based on the theoretical reference of the Bakhtinian perspective of language, from the categories: language, discursive genres and dialogism. The results of the research showed that the 4 teachers who teach in the third year of elementary school use different ways of inserting the discursive genres in the classroom, such as the reading and interpretation of discursive genres, both oral and via writing exercises; the use of genres as examples for students to produce texts and practice writing. These diverse ways are due to the process of formation and the conception of language of each one. Thus, it was evidenced that pedagogical practice still requires more coherence between what is advocated in the documents that guide teaching and what is concretized in classrooms, so that the processes of interlocution between teachers and students occur during teaching of the mother language written and favors it.