História da educação brasileira: a mulher como protagonista da educação no ideário Positivista 1880-1930

Abstract

The aim of this study was to understand the presence of women in the history of education and teaching in the feminization process in Brazil. It is a bibliographical and documentary research in which the exhibition was divided into three chapters. The theoretical-methodological method that guided this work is given by the analysis of society, including that the production and reproduction of life are related to economic, political and cultural movement of history in which individuals produce society. Studying the concrete and social practices, we seek to understand the historiographical interpretations of women in General History and History of Education. From this historiographical analysis we found that they were marginalized in traditional history. We find that from the historiographical renewal, with new approaches in the search field, it was possible to do the "women's history". When we analyze the presence of women at work and in school education in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, we find some paradoxes, as their reduced participation in formal education and their subsequent inclusion as a student, and later as a teacher. For women enter there in the classroom as a student and later as a teacher, there was a change of mentality. The female social functions, at school and at work occurred due to structural changes in society, which had to modernize to follow the capital of the development process. The female social function predominantly had been linked to the activities of home, wife and mother; the first educator and the positivist ideology view, the person best equipped to perform the function of informing and educating citizens. For positivists, the woman, as the affective sex, had in his nature, morality and altruism, which are essential for the regeneration of humanity through education. The development of this research allowed us to understand that school and woman will be essential instruments in the process of modernization and mobilization of Brazil; to form good citizens, orderly and able to work, and in the process, both are going to be transformed.