História da educação do município de Enéas Marques – 1960 a 1992: das escolas rurais à nuclearização

Abstract

This research had as object of investigation the rescue of the history of the Education of the Municipality of Enéas Marques between 1960 and 1992. From this object I raise the following problem: 1) How did the process of constitution and closure of the School Institutions of the municipality of Enéas Marques in the years of 1960-1992? 2) What is the social function of these institutions? The goal of this research was to analyze the historical, political, social, local, regional, and national context of educational history, aiming at identifying schools that were in the past, who were the mentors or organizers, how they were structured and organized, who were teachers, students attended, as well as which institutions are still in operation. The object was delimited as early 1960 as in 1961 the year in which Vila Jaracatiá was elevated to the category of Administrative District of Francisco Beltrão and in 1964 emancipated being constituted in the municipality of Enéas Marques, dismembered of the territory of Francisco Beltrão. The final cut was the year of 1992 for the emancipation of the municipality of Nova Esperança of the Southwest and the intensification of the process of municipalization of education until the 4th grade and the progress of the process of closing the rural schools with the intensification of the nuclearization process. The intention was to rescue the history of the schools in the municipality, many of them nonexistent and that were closed definitively without taking into account the essentially rural reality of the municipality. We use historical-dialectical materialism as a support to understand the historical process of school creation, organization and closure, through the analysis of documentary sources, oral testimonies, magazines, photos, and bibliographies on the subject. The research made possible the collection of general data of the education of the Municipality of Enéas Marques from 1960 to 1992, aspects of organization of the municipality and a panorama on the rural education that was the form of education until the 1990s. The municipality still remains essentially agricultural. Due to the policies adopted and by idioms or cost-saving discourses, it was decided to close almost all rural schools.