Identificação de Meloidogyne spp. em reservas legais e avaliação do parasitismo de Meloidogyne incognita Raça 03 e M. javanica em plantas nativas do oeste paranaense

Abstract

The Nematóides pertaining to the Meloidogyne kind are among the greatest agents responsible of damage in plants, because of its wide geographic distribution and difficult control. There is a great justification on studies that involve the diversity of fitonematoides, both in the agricultural areas and in areas covered with primary vegetation, where the increase of economic losses caused to the agricultural activity has aroused increasing interest. With the aim to identify populations of Meloidogyne pertaining to legal Reserves in the counties of Cascavel, Terra Roxa and Marechal Cândido Rondon PR, collects were made in five areas pertaining to each county, with the purpose to find plants naturally parasitized. Through identifications based on the technique of perineal configuration and fenotipo enzimatic for esterase, M. incognita and M. javanica were identified for naturally parasitizing the plants in these reserves. The plants that were naturally infected were Emilia sonchifolia, Ipomea triloba, Solanum americanum, tibouchina herbacea and Leonorus sibiricus. In relation to the parasitism of Meloidogyne, plants of 32 species had been collected and analyzed as for the natural occurrence of meloidoginose, as well as its reaction to inoculation with M. incognita 3 race and M. javanica. It was observed that native species like Rollinia mucosa, Cariniana rubra, jaracatiá spinosa, Citharexylum myriantum, Aspidosperma subicanum, Peltophorum dubium and Ruprechtia laxiflora presented natural infection with M. incognita. The plants which did not present symptoms of root-knots in the radicular system had been inoculated with Meloidogyne spp. The analyzed variables were total gall number(IG), J/2 egg number by radicular system (EGGS/RS) and calculus of Reproduction Factor (RF). The ones resistant to M. incognita race 03 were species like tabebuia impetiginosa, Chorisia speciosa, Galipea jasminflora, Machaerum villosum, Ingá laurina, Allophylus edulius, Campomanesia guazummaefolia, Lueha candicans, Archontophoenix alexandre, Shinus terebinthifolha and Pterogyne nitens and species like Psidium cattleianum, Cedrelo fissilis and Eugenia involucrate were immune. In relation to inoculated species with M. javanica, Jacaranda micrantha, tabebuia heptaphylla, Endliicheria paniculata, Cabralea canjerana, Tabebuia crysotricha, Genipa infudiboboliformis, Bastardiopsis densiflora, Eugenia pyriforms, Balfourodendron riedelianum and Patagonula americana revealed to be resistant, and Caesalpinia ferrea was immune.