Expressão geográfica do HIV entre adolescentes em idade escolar: 2010 a 2021

Abstract

The national epidemic of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has worsened among adolescents. Once the school has an important role in their lives, since this is a space frequented daily for years, essential for their basic formation, there is interest and concern in working sexual education with them within the school environment. In this scenario, the goal of this study was to analyze the geographic distribution of the virus among adolescents, correlating with geospatial and sociodemographic variables, in the period 2010 - 2021. A retrospective ecological study was carried out with a quantitative approach. Data collection was performed in the database of the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) of the state of Paraná and the Brazilian Statistics Institute (IBGE). The indicators used were: age, sex, race, schooling, municipality of residence and category of exposure, population density, Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) and proportion of adolescents per school. Clusters of high risk for virus dissemination were identified, along with the analysis of the demographic and educational variables related to the clusters. The descriptive analysis used the distribution of absolute and relative frequencies, median and interquartile range and the spatio-temporal scan performed with the SatScan program, version 10.1. The Mann-Whitney U test compared the variables in the clusters, followed by a statistical analysis using the IBM SPSS Statistics version 19 for Windows. The results showed that of the 1301 registered cases of HIV in the period, more than 70% were in the age group of 17 and 18 years and declared themselves white, 588 of the cases occurred due to heterosexual intercourse and 58.6% were male. Although the geographical distribution was homogeneous, the largest risk area was located in the eastern region of the state, with a cluster formed by the capital and 17 other cities, with its peak of cases reported in 2015. Three other distinct municipalities also stood out as areas of risk for HIV. Identifying in the high population density the main explanation for the epidemic, it is evident the urgency of preventive public policies to combat the virus, in addition to improvements in the education offered regarding sexual education in Paraná schools.