Traços de personalidade e impaciência financeira: um estudo com jovens do Exército Brasileiro

Abstract

The research aimed to analyze the relationship between personality traits such as personality, basic human values and attitude towards money with impatience in intertemporal financial choices among young men in the Brazilian Army. Methodologically, this research, developed in 2019, fits as applied, quantitative, which uses the deductive method, being of a descriptive character, using the survey procedure (Survey). 218 young men from the Brazilian Army, aged between 18 and 23 years, from the municipality of Cascavel-PR participated. The data analysis method used was Pearson's correlation. The variable level of financial impatience was measured using the future equivalent method of Sutter, Kocher, Glätzle-Rützler and Trautmann (2013). The psychological variables analyzed were the human personality (Brief HEXACO Inventory), the basic human values (QVB Model), the attitude towards money (MAS Model), including also in the analysis, the socioeconomic characteristics of the individuals. The analysis of the levels of financial impatience revealed that the young people in the sample tend not to see the benefit of the discount (interest) on the value of money in time and prefer to receive money without gain in the present time or in the near future (3 weeks) than in a longer period (1 year). In general, for smaller amounts (R$ 100.00) and longer waiting periods (1 year), participants tend to be less rational, wishing to receive the amount paid in the present without considering the future benefit of the time discount, showing greater impatience in the short term and greater patience in the long term. The results of Pearson's correlation between personality traits showed that financial impatience in the studied sample is significantly and inversely associated with the suprapersonal basic human value (QVB) (-0.11). Likewise, it is significantly and inversely associated with the dimensions of human personality (HEXACO) of Extroversion (-0.15), Conscientiousness (-0.15) and Openness (-0.11). Regarding socioeconomic characteristics, there is a negative and significant relationship with Education (-0.12), with the Capacity to Save (-0.12) and Size of the Municipality of Origin (-0.13), and, positive and significant with Average Monthly Spending (0.12) and Family Income (0.19). It is concluded that in the researched population there is a significant relationship between basic human values (QVB) and personality dimension (Brief HEXACO Inventory) in relation to the levels of financial impatience, and that lower levels of education lead young soldiers to be more impatient in financial decisions.