Análise epidemiológica das notificações de tuberculose humana e bovina na Região Metropolitana de Cascavel (2015–2024)

Abstract

Zoonotic tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis represents an underestimated challenge at the intersection of animal, human, and environmental health, particularly in regions with intensive livestock activity. The absence of routine laboratory differentiation between Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the Brazilian health system contributes to underreporting and hampers understanding of the disease's epidemiological dynamics. This study analyzed the occurrence and spatial distribution of bovine tuberculosis cases reported to the Paraná Agricultural Defense Agency (ADAPAR) and their correlation with human tuberculosis incidence recorded in SINAN/DATASUS across the 24 municipalities of the Cascavel Metropolitan Region (CMR) from 2015 to 2024. This is a descriptive-analytical quantitative study based on publicly available secondary data. Incidence coefficients per 100,000 inhabitants and per 100,000 animals were calculated, and Pearson correlation was applied between the two time series. During the evaluated period, 1,199 bovine and 1,075 human cases were recorded in the region. Correlation analysis revealed a moderate to strong negative dynamic in the CMR as a whole (r = -0.60) and in Cascavel (r = -0.73), suggesting predominance of inter-human transmission, while in the remaining municipalities the correlation was negligible (r = -0.08). The results highlight gaps in surveillance integration and reinforce the need for public policies grounded in the One Health approach, including differential molecular diagnostics and surveillance of the wildlife and livestock interface around Iguaçu National Park.