Avaliação da concentração de aciclovir em não-tecido eletrofiado de poli(1-vinilpirrolidona)-co-(acetato de vinila) para dissolução rápida

Abstract

Herpes simplex virus (HSV), especially type 1 (HSV-1), is highly prevalent and causes recurrent orofacial infections. Acyclovir (ACV) is the standard treatment, but its low solubility limits bioavailability. Electrospinning enables the production of nanofibers with high surface area, enhancing rapid drug release. The PVP/VA copolymer combines hydrophilic and hydrophobic characteristics that aid in compound solubilization and transport, making it a promising matrix for drug‐delivery systems. However, few studies explore electrospun PVP/VA, and none apply ACV for topical use. This work develops and characterizes ACV-loaded PVP/VA nanofibers, evaluating their physicochemical and morphological properties and their potential for rapid release against HSV-1. FTIR analysis revealed interactions between ACV and PVP/VA, evidenced by shifts in the hydroxyl band. ACV increased fiber diameter but improved jet stability, as SEM analysis showed fewer beads. XRD indicated that ACV and PVP/VA do not form a fully homogeneous solid solution but likely a blend, since crystalline peaks remained detectable, although crystallinity was altered. DSC confirmed the disappearance of the ACV melting peak in polymer-containing samples. The release kinetics were best described by the Weibull model, with a diffusional mechanism (β < 1). Simulated dissolution showed complete solubilization of the electrospun material within 4 s, whereas pure ACV remained undissolved. Overall, the developed system is promising for rapid-release topical dressings or sublingual patches for HSV-1 treatment.