O estatuto e peculiar lugar do corpo humano na Crítica do Juízo de Kant.

Abstract

This research focuses on the possible place of the notion of the human body in Kant's Critique of Judgment (1790). It aims to show how a set of organic characteristics attributed to objects of nature conceived under the causal finalistic order, in the concepts of natural body, organized body, and natural end, can also be applied to the concept of the human body. The question is to investigate the reason(s) why it is necessary to also include the human body in the scientific critique of the physical bodies of nature, developed since Kant's first Critique. To answer and justify why the status of the human body should occupy a genuine place in the Critique of Judgment, we begin by understanding how bodies in general were treated in the Critique of Pure Reason (1781-7). There, bodies were considered from the perspective of possible science, as objects to which efficient causality applies. In Critique of Judgment, the notion of the body is considered from another perspective, that of empirical science of nature as a phenomenon to which final or finalistic causality applies, the relationship between means and ends. Considered henceforth both from the perspective of possible science on mechanical bodies and also from that of organicity, complementary to the system and its approach as a space of subjectivity, the place of the human body in the Critique of Judgment is investigated with a view to identifying its own status in the interstice of Kantian reflection.