DIZER, IMAGINAR, OUSAR PENSAR POR SI MESMA: FILOSÓFAS E SEU DISCURSO SOBRE MULHERES

Abstract

This text is an excerpt from the work developed in the doctorate. To explain the choice of theme and identify the thesis that intertwines our research, that is, how philosophers talk about women and themselves, we elaborate the general panorama of sayings about them based on the notion of their presence-absence in the History of Philosophy, so that we see the idealization of these as objects as they were discursivized. In the History that was told to us hegemonically, there is an absence of other positions that women could occupy than that of mother, wife, daughter, sister, for example, linked to the presence of what was believed, and was discursivized, to be the “woman”. In other words, women were discursively represented in History, to try to control the meaning of existence they would have, delimiting the place and positions they could and should occupy, sensing in the double beat of absent-present the effect of meaning that is be a woman. Describing our analytical path, our problematization is focused on an imaginary formation of women based on the writing of philosophers about themselves and others, that is, to the discourse of philosophers who, when writing about women, also talk about themselves. As a general objective, we want to analyze the discursive object that exposes sayings about women in the writing of philosophers, considering certain effects of meanings produced. To this end, we propose, as specific objectives, to recover the effects of the institutionalization of the silencing of female philosophers in the history of Philosophy and to resume, revisit, an imaginary formation of women materialized in the words of idealist philosophers; analyze the imaginary formation regarding women based on the discursive object arising from excerpts from texts by philosophers and their possible effects of meaning; and contemplate the historical-philosophical production context of such discursive materialities. Thus, in the course of this work, we initially fumbled for the definitions of concepts from Pecheuxtian Discourse Analysis that are fundamental to our analysis. Afterwards, we recover the discursive position of philosophers, resuming the discussion about an imaginary formation of women materialized in the words of thinkers throughout the development of Idealist Philosophy, which makes up a memory, sayings about what a woman would be. At this point, we consider a hegemonic discursive formation of philosophy, that is, the dominant already-said institutionalized in the History of Philosophy, memories that already-tell about women, through discursive materialities that constitute an imaginary about them, in texts via rule produced by men. Next, we analyze, observe and investigate possible effects of meaning of an imaginary formation of women discursivized based on the texts of the philosophers that make up our corpus. If we consider that words change meaning according to the positions occupied by those who say them, then we have those words “change meaning” when passing from one discursive formation to another. Let us see, therefore, how or if, when philosophers write about women and talk about themselves, the signifier woman (women) changes its meaning, that is, if when they are spoken about by philosophers, to the detriment of when is(are) spoken by philosophers, there is a circulation of new imaginary formations and effects of other meanings.