INFLUÊNCIA DO DIMORFISMO SEXUAL NOS EFEITOS METABÓLICOS E ANTIADIPOSIDADE DA SUPLEMENTAÇÃO ORAL COM OS ÓLEOS DE COPAÍBA OU CASTANHA-DO-BRASIL EM ROEDORES OBESOS E NÃO OBESOS

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity, defined by excess white adipose tissue (WAT), is associated with chronic, subclinical, low-grade inflammation that induces insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia. Adiposity and its metabolic consequences are influenced by sex. In rodents, obesity and its comorbidities can be induced by hypothalamic lesions caused by monosodium glutamate (MSG). Bioactive compounds from natural products have anti-adiposity effects, improving metabolism and correcting IR. Brazil nut (Bertholettia excelsa; BE) and Copaiba (Copaifera officinalis; CO) oils have anti-inflammatory, anti-lipidemic, and insulin-sensitizing components, whose effects on hypothalamic obesity are unknown. Objective: The effects of chronic oral supplementation of BE or CO oils on adiposity and metabolic parameters of male and female rodents with hypothalamic obesity were evaluated. Methods: Wistar rats, male (m) and female (f), induced to obesity (MSG; 4g/kg of body weight; n = 40m and 40f) and Controls (CON), non-obese that received equimolar saline (n = 40m and 40f). At 21 days of age, the groups were randomly subdivided according to sex and supplementation. Supplemented groups received oral BE oil (1mL/kg of body weight) or CO oil (0.5 mL/kg of body weight), administered three times/week, for eight weeks. Non-supplemented animals (NS) received saline solution (0.9%). Twelve experimental groups were formed: CONNSm; CONBEm; CONCOm; MSGNSm; MSGBEm; MSGCOm; CONNSf; CONBEf; CONCOf; MSGNSf; MSGBEf;; MSGCOf (n=10-15/group). Body weight and food consumption were recorded to calculate Feed Efficiency (FE). At 90 days, euthanasia was performed, and blood was collected for biochemical analyses of cholesterol, glucose and triglycerides to determine the TyG index, a marker of IR. Obesity was assessed by the Lee index and weight of inguinal and perigonadal WAT deposits, and histological analysis of WAT was also performed. Data were expressed as mean + standard error of the mean, and two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-test were applied (p < 0.05). Results: In male MSG and CON BE-supplemented rats, hyperphagia was observed, with reduced FE, which was not observed in females. Males and females MSG BE-supplemented had reduced visceral TA, an effect not observed in the CON groups. In the CON groups (m and f), supplementation with BE decreased total cholesterol. In MSGBEm animals, hypertriglyceridemia was observed with increased IR. Supplementation with CO oil reduced intake and EA in MSG- obese and non-obese males, without modifying adiposity or metabolism. The same supplementation reduced adiposity, with a decrease in the weight of the peritonandal WAT and triglycerides, improving IR in MSG-obese rats compared to non-obese ones. Conclusions: Chronic oral administration of BE or CO oils can reduce adiposity, especially in females, possibly by reducing plasma triglycerides, improving the response to insulin. In males, both oils exerted negative effects on energy efficiency and triglycerides. The oils influenced males and females differently, with greater antiadiposity effects and benefits in the metabolic state of obese rats.