Análise Espaço-temporal da Resiliência do Solo em Latossolos Compactados

Abstract

The present thesis provides a spatial and temporal analysis of soil resilience2 in compacted Oxisols. Two experimental areas with different levels of organic matter (OM) were considered: one at the Agricultural Engineering Experiment Center at UNIOESTE Campus Cascavel (NEEA) and another at the Institute of Rural Development of Paraná (IDR PR). The two areas are located 20 km apart, with the latter having a higher organic matter content. The study aimed to understand the soil's ability to recover from the compaction inherent in the no-tillage system. To this end, four compaction levels were established in both areas using an appropriate agricultural machinery set, followed by the use of a profilometer to obtain the random soil roughness index (RI). RI maps for the second area, IDR PR, were generated using kriging, the Thin Plate Spline (TPS) interpolation method, and the Multilevel B-Spline Approximation (MBA) method. Additionally, the Kappa index (K) and the global agreement (G) were used to evaluate the accuracy of the maps and the map algebra. In contrast, maps for both areas were generated by measuring the physical attributes of macroporosity, density, and RI. All maps were generated considering two consecutive soybean harvests. We concluded that the maps generated by the different interpolation methods were similar, and therefore, their selection should be based on the specific needs and purposes of the maps. The maps of physical attributes exhibited the expected behavior: soil density increases with compaction, while macroporosity decreases. However, with moisture cycles, drying, and organic matter, the soil demonstrated recovery from disturbances. The RI maps showed higher values before compaction and a decreasing trend over time, providing further evidence of soil recovery.