Desenvolvimento do milho sob diferentes fontes de adubação

Abstract

Brazil is one of the largest grain producers in the world; however, it relies heavily on imported fertilizers. Thus, biofertilizer from the anaerobic digestion of organic waste and organo-mineral fertilizer, a product resulting from the physical mixture or combination of mineral and organic fertilizers, is a bio-input with the potential to totally or partially replace mineral fertilizers. However, applying different fertilizer sources, alone or in combination, can affect the development of crops such as maize. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of maize when subjected to different fertilizer sources. The test was carried out in a greenhouse with six treatments: T1 mineral fertilizer, T2 organo-mineral, T3 organo-mineral K+ , T4 bio-fertilizer, T5 bio-fertilizer P+ and T6 mixed (organo-mineral + bio-fertilizer). Corn yield, foliar nutritional diagnosis, phytometric parameters, and biochemical and enzymatic soil analyses were evaluated. The treatment in which only biofertilizer T5 was used gave the highest maize yield (9,417 kg/ha-1 ); however, only the treatment in which organo-mineral fertilizer + biofertilizer T6 was used (6,484 kg/ha-1 ) was statistically different. Regarding leaf diagnosis, the treatments in which only the organo-mineral fertilizers T3 and T6 were used did not provide adequate N content, nor did any treatments show acceptable P content in the leaves. There were no statistical differences for the phytometric parameters, except for stem diameter, for which T3 supplied the highest value, although it only differed from T2. The protein content in the leaves was higher in T5 and T3. For total soluble carbohydrates, the treatment that received biofertilizer supplemented with P and K (T4) had a higher average but was only statistically higher in T6. The different fertilization strategies promoted increases in soil pH. Regarding enzymes, the treatments that received organo-mineral fertilization without supplementation with mineral fertilizer, T3 and T6, had the highest values. It can be concluded that using organic sources, organo-minerals, and diamonds does not affect the productivity and development of maize compared to using mineral fertilizer alone. Among the strategies evaluated, organo-mineral acid without supplementation with a mineral source promotes more significant enzymatic activity