Efeitos da fotobiomodulação em afecções articulares e modelo experimental de gota

Abstract

Worldwide, about 1,71 billion people have some musculoskeletal disorder. Since the main therapy is medication, research on other forms of treatment that do not generate side effects is necessary. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify the effectiveness of photobiomodulation as a form of treatment, both in general joint disorders and in gouty arthritis. For such end, two studies were carried out: a scoping review, with the objective of evaluating the extent of the literature on the use of LED therapy to treat synovial joint disorders; and an experimental study to investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of combined photobiomodulation (PBM) treatment (LASER and LED), applied distally to the lesion (on the dorsal root ganglion - DRG) in rats submitted to an experimental model of drop. In short, the scope review found that the application of LED on the affected joint favored cell proliferation, increased levels of anti-inflammatory markers and reduced pain levels. In the experimental article, the combined PBM applied on the DRG favored the reduction of edema and joint incapacity, as well as the increase of the nociceptive threshold and the plantar grip strength. Furthermore, PBM stimulated an increase in the inflammatory response (with increased levels of IL-1β and greater recruitment of leukocytes) and greater activation of the antioxidant system. Thus, it can be concluded that the effects of PBM on joint disorders, such as temporomandibular disorders and rheumatoid arthritis, were explained; however, there is still a need for primary studies verifying the effects on other pathologies. And that PBM can be considered an effective therapeutic alternative to improve the inflammatory and functional status in the experimental model of gouty arthritis; however, further studies that address the systemic effects generated by PBM are also needed, as well as elucidate the mechanisms by which they occur