Alguns aspectos da pesca no estado do Espírito Santo, Sudeste do Brasil

Abstract

Between 2017 and 2018, a survey of marine fishing activity was carried out in the municipality of Piúma, Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. The interviews were carried out in the ports of Piúma, from July 2017 to June 2018, totaling 163 questionnaires. Data collection focused on the six ports of greatest fishing activity distributed in the municipality. In this study we seek to describe the fishing gear practiced associating them with the captured species. The fishing gear recorded were pargueira, surface longline, midwater and bottom, gillnet, trawl and seine. Fishing gear aimed at target species proved to be very specific and always aimed at those of greater commercial value, with the exception of the bottom longline, which showed a similar capture rate for several species, making it difficult to identify a target species for this gear. fishing. The result of this study drew attention in relation to the capture of elasmobranch in a certain fishing gear, before this exposed data were analyzed referring to the effort and the capture of swordfish (Xiphias gladius), mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) and blue shark (Prionace glauca ), obtained from fishing landings by the artisanal mid-water longline fleet operating in Southeast Brazil. Comparing the percentage contribution of these species, it is observed that swordfish presented the highest contribution (55%). Mannequin was the second species with the highest representation in terms of total weight landed (24%). The blue shark presented 9% of contribution, together the sharks represented about 33% of the total captured. This high catch of sharks as incidental fishing may be related to the type of hook used by the fleet associated with the steel cable. In order for sustainable targeted fishing to occur, it is important that some attitudes are taken, the way in which the mid-water longline is used may need some adjustments in the form of action so that species in endangered status can recover without the pressure of fishing continues to happen implicitly.