Análise do desenvolvimento sustentável com base nas dinâmicas agroambiental, econômica e social que influenciam no PIB Per Capita no Oeste do Paraná

Abstract

Sustainable development has commonly been explained by three dimensions: economic, social and environmental. These dimensions are composed of indicators available for a given region, resulting in several ways and attempts to measure development. GDP is a globally used tool to measure the economic development of a country, state or city. Thus, this study aimed at explaining the relationship among indicators that explain the three pillars of sustainable development and per capita GDP, available from 2012 to 2016 for the municipalities in Western of Paraná State. As the region has strong agricultural economic characteristics, the environmental dimension has been renamed to agri-environmental. The employed techniques in this research were the factorial analysis by main components applied to the dimensions of sustainable development, and the components that explain them were used in multiple linear regression, using as dependent variable the GDP per capita of the studied municipalities. Finally, the spatial analysis of significant variables was used. Thus, this study was designed to answer the following questions: (i) Which proposed variables have explained each of the addressed dimensions of sustainable development? (ii) Are these variables related to the per capita GDP of those municipalities? And perhaps, the most important one is (iii) if they are related among themselves, how much do they explain the GDP per capita? As a result, 24 variables were used: 12 of them are from the agrienvironmental dimension, seven of them are from the economic dimension and five are from the social dimension. Each of the dimensions presented two factors with the factorial analysis by main components, totaling six, that later were renamed as: school dropout, mortality rate, agricultural income, average salary in agriculture, financing to agriculture - number of contracts and water use. The factors were applied to the regression as independent variables, and the GDP per capita as dependent. While the financing for agriculture - number of contracts (4,141.5251) and agricultural incomes (10,439.46) – showed some positive relationship. School dropouts had a negative relationship to the GDP per capita (-2,601.868). Geographically, Cascavel was the municipality in the first place in the studied three dimensions, followed by Toledo, Assis Chateaubriand, Marechal Cândido Rondon and Palotina in the agro-environmental dimension. And, regarding the economic dimension, Palotina was recorded in the second place, followed by Marechal Cândido Rondon, Assis Chateaubriand, and Santa Helena. Finally, Lindoeste, Palotina, Maripá, and Guaraniaçu have shown up with positive influence in the social dimension.