Propriedades físicas, resíduos culturais e soja em sucessão à aveia pastejada em sistema de integração lavoura pecuária

Abstract

The adoption and consolidation of systems of integrated livestock farming is inherent to several factors (soil, climate, animals, forage species, management, among others), and that the phases of the system are complementary or synergistic with each other. This study aimed to study different sowing densities of the oat crop, managed in a system of integrating livestock farming or fallow maintenance, evaluating the influence of management on soil physical attributes, the quantity and Nutrient contents present in the remaining cultural residues, as well as the agronomic characteristics of the soybean crop, in sequence. The study was conducted in the experimental station of the Universidade Estadual do Paraná, in Oxisoil using a randomized block design in split-plot, with additional control with four replications. The treatments consisted of two oat IPR 126 seeding rate (40 and 60 kg ha-1), in bands A and the different managements (without grazing, one grazing and two grazing) in the B bands, plus the maintenance of fallow (control). Cows of the Dutch breed were used for grazing. In the summer cycle, soybean cultivars V TOP 1059 RR was sown in the 2014/2015 crop and Nideira 5909 RR in the 2015/2016 crop in the area. Regarding the physical properties of the soil, measured after winter, there were changes, caused by the management of the oats, in the macroporosity and microporosity, besides the resistance of the soil to the penetration and carbon stock. For the accumulation and nutrient contents of the vegetal residues, the management employed, in the winter period, directly interferes in the quantity and quality of the vegetal residues, with negative emphasis to the fallow. The agronomic characteristics of the soybean crop were little influenced by the management of the area during the winter period, and productivity was not affected in both years. The results show that oats seeding density or the animal presence causes changes of low magnitude, as a function of time to the system, and the adoption of is a viable alternative for diversification of activities, which does not compromise the system phases.