Potencial de promoção do crescimento por estirpes de bactérias associativas na cultura do milho

Abstract

The selection of particular and efficient strains is a key factor for the success of the inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). This study aimed to evaluate the potential for inoculation of strains of PGPB on performance of the maize crop, hybrid 30F53, in the summer harvest 2012/13 and 2013/14. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications and split plot, whose subplots were composed of crop years (2012/13 and 2013/14) and the plots for nine treatments related to inoculation with strains of PGPB: control (no N and without inoculation); 30 kg ha-1 N at sowing; 160 kg ha-1 N (30 kg ha-1 N at sowing + 130 kg ha-1 in topdressing; inoculation of strains Ab-V5; HM053; L26; L27; 4331; and 8121, associated with 30 kg ha-1 N at sowing. Were evaluated the parameters: plant height, basal stem diameter, shoot dry mass, leaf area; contents of chlorophyll a, b and total; macro and micronutrients contents in the leaves and grains, insertion height, ear length, ear diameter, number of kernels rows per ear, number of kernels per row, mass ear and grain productivity. There is influence of crop conditions of each year in the performance of strains PGPB s evaluated. The HM053 strain of A. brasilense has high potential for inoculation under conditions favorable to the development of maize, while the 8121 strain of Rhizobium sp. shows to be promising when the plant metabolism is affected by abiotic stress nature. Nitrogen fertilization at sowing and topdressing, compared to inoculation associated with nitrogen fertilizer at sowing, promotes greater productive corn performance in unfavorable conditions and greater increase in leaf N content and chlorophyll content. Foliar levels of macro and micronutrients of corn plants are not affected by inoculation with strains of PGPB, but the P, Ca, Mg and Zn in the grains are influenced positively by inoculation of HM053 strain. Corn yield has a strong correlation with most of the variables, especially the leaf area, chlorophyll a, b and total contents and foliar N in the plant