Características bioativas e respostas fisiológicas de amoras-pretas durante maturação e armazenamento

Abstract

The blackberry (Rubus spp.) has high nutritional quality, is rich in vitamin C, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins A and B, as well as being a source of functional compounds. The blackberry is an excellent source of natural antioxidants, such as anthocyanins and polyphenols. It is a non-climacteric fruit and, due to their physical fragility and high rates of respiration and perspiration, its fruits are highly perishable, this fator becomes limiting your marketing fresh. The objective of this work was to evaluate the bioactive characteristics, physiological and biochemical characteristics of blackberry cultivars during maturation and storage in different packaging. Therefore, three experiments were conducted. The first consisted of evaluating the content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity and chemical characteristics of aqueous and etanol extracts of the fruits of blackberry cultivars Brazos, Tupy, Arapaho, Choctaw and Guarani. The results showed that 80% ethanol was more efficient in extracting anthocyanins in all cultivars and total flavonoid content was higher in 'Guarani'. The efficiency of sequestration of TEAC and DPPH radical was dependent on the solvent used in the extraction, with higher antioxidant capacity in aqueous and TEAC highest antioxidant capacity in DPPH etanol extracts. Regardless of the extraction solvent, 'Arapaho' had the highest antioxidant capacity. The second experiment evaluated the same parameters of experiment 1, but only in the ethanol extract of the fruit of 'Brazos' and 'Tupy' on maturation of immature, intermediate and mature. 'Brazos' and 'Tupy' showed total phenolic content higher in the immature stage. Antioxidant activity by ABTS method was higher in ripe fruits. The DPPH antioxidant activity was higher in 'Brazos' when immature, 'Tupy' showed similar values to the ABTS assay. Increases in the content of ascorbic acid as the fruit ripening of 'Brazos' and 'Tupy'. In the third experiment also evaluated the same parameters of other experiments, only in etanol solvent, together with the enzymatic activity of fruits of blackberry 'Tupy' , packaged in polyethylene terephthalate and polyvinyl chloride film, and stored for 1 , 4 and 8 days in a refrigerated environment. The weight loss was lower in fruits stored in PET packaging. There were some increases in the content of ascorbic acid in fruits from the 1st to the 4th day in both packages. The DPPH and ABTS antioxidant activity of fruit wrapped in PET was superior to fruits with PVC. Phenolic compounds increased with storage in both packaging used, with the highest levels found in fruits stored in PVC at the end of storage. The anthocyanin contentes were also higher on the 8th day of storage, especially in fruits kept in the PET packaging. At the end of the 8 days of storage the peroxidase activity was higher in fruits stored in PVC, and the activity of phenylalanine ammonia - lyase was higher in fruits packed in PET for all storage periods