Formas de potassio em solos do estado do parana e sua disponibilidade para as plantas em cultivos sucessivos

Abstract

Potassium uptake by plants, in general, is greater than the initial amount of exchangeable K, indicating that non-exchangeable participate in supplying this nutrient to plants. Thus, this study aimed (a) determine the forms of K total, non-exchangeable K, exchangeable K and K in soil solution, (b) determine the buffering capacity of soil potassium, (c) evaluate the ability of potassium supply native and added to a succession of crops, and (d) evaluate the contribution of different forms of potassium in the soil to supply a succession of crops. In this study two experiments were conducted in a greenhouse at the Center for Agricultural Sciences, State University of West Parana, Marechal Candido Rondon, PR, from October 2008 to november 2009. Surface samples (0-20 cm) of 12 soils collected from different regions of Parana State, were subjected to the addition or not of potassium fertilizer (KCl) and the six successive crops (soy, millet, wheat, beans, soybeans and corn). Plants were grown until approximately 40 days after emergence and determined the dry matter production and K content of In the initial samples and those collected after the second, fourth and sixth batch were certain forms of K total, non-exchangeable, exchangeable and soil solution. The forms of soil K showed a large range of values depending on the source material and the degree of weathering of the soil. Soil texture affected the buffering capacity of potassium (PTK), which presented values between 1.28 and 12.79 (mmolc kg-1)/(mmol L-1)0.5. The soils differed in the ability to supply K to the crops, with an important contribution of non-exchangeable forms in the six crops that ranged from 0 to 17.7% with addition of potassium fertilizer and 44.1% to 72.9% without the addition of potassium fertilizer. After the second crop contents of exchangeable K remained constant with average values of 141 and 36 mg kg-1, with and without the addition of potassium fertilizer, respectively