Aspectos histológicos e bioquímicos da indução de resistência em feijoeiro e atividade antifúngica por derivados de Pycnoporus sanguineus

Abstract

One of the focus of the alternative agriculture is the disease control, wich include biological control, the induction of resistance in plants and the use of the natural products with antimicrobial activity and /or resistance induction. Basidiocarps extracts have been studied for disease control. This research focused the avaliation of the fungitoxic effect in the aqueous extracts of the mycelium (EAM), basidiocarps (EAB) and filtrate of culture (EAF) of Pycnoporus sanguineus, in the Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, and avaliate the control of anthracnose in the bean plant by theses extracts and the resistance induction through determination of activity of the enzyme peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PFO), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and β-1,3 glucanase, besydes detection in situ of the reatives oxygen species (ROS) H2O2 and O2-. For the tests in vitro were utilized the extracts on concentration 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20%, avaliating the micelial growth and the germination of the C. lindemuthianum spores. In order to severity tests and determination of enzyme, extracts on concentrations 5 and 10% were applayed on the 1st trifoliate leaves of bean plant, three days before of the inoculation of the pathogen (1x104 conidia mL-1) on 1st s and 2nd s leaves. The same procediment was adopt for detection of ROS, instead utilized just EAM 5%, water, acibenzolar-S-methyl (150 mg i.a.L-1) and azoxystrobin fungicide (4 g. i. a. L-1). For the enzyme determination was amostrated the 1st s and 2nd s leaves at the moment of treatment and after 3, 6, 9, 12, 27 days. For ROS was made avaliations to 48, 96 and 192 hours after the inoculation. The results indicated direct antimicrobial activity of the extracts, having these extracts inhibited the germination, but they didn t inhibited the micelial growing. On plants, the EAF 5 e 10%, reduced 69 and 67% respectively, the severity on the 1st s leaves, while the fungicide and ASM reduced 87 and 76% respectively. On 2nd s leaves the more significative reductions were observed to EAB 10% and EAF 5 and 10%, with reduction of the severity of 63%. This reduction on severity can be associated with POX, PAL and β-1,3 glucanase what apresented alterations on the especific activity, what wasn t observed to PFO. The formation of H2O2 wasn t detected, on 48 and 96 hours. In 192 hours the EAB treatment apresented citoplasmatic desorganization and collapse of epidermic cell similar to the water control. In times 48 and 96 hours there was of the O2- in the EAM, EAB and ASM treatment. In 192 all of the treatments apresented reaction to O2- in epidermic cells and the mesophyll. This results apoint the potencial of P. sanguineus extracts for the control of in the anthracnose in bean plants, that can occurr by induction of the local and systemic resistance an/or antimicrobial direct activity