Inoculação via semente e foliar de Azospirillum brasilense associado ao tratamento de sementes com bioativador na cultura do milho

Abstract

The maize is a cereal with high economic importance due to its magnitude forms of use. Increasing productivity levels, promoting substances plant development are highlighted role in contemporary agriculture, arising from biological or chemical origin. However, the lack of results regarding the joint use of these promoters leads to the need for information on their simultaneous use. In this context, this work aimed to evaluate the effects of joint use of thiamethoxam combined with seed inoculation and foliar spray Azospirillum brasilense on physiological quality of corn seeds and its agronomic performance in two environments in the growing field. Initially, we tested bacterial growth in culture medium containing increasing concentrations of thiamethoxam. It was also evaluated the initial development and physiological quality of seedlings by morphometric measurements, emergency speed index and SPAD index through factorial 2 x 3 with seed inoculation with A. brasilense (100 mL per 25 kg seeds) thiamethoxam and three doses (0, 28 and 42 mg per 60,000 seeds). In the field, factorial 2 x 4 was composed by the presence and absence of chemical seed treatment with bioactivator of thiamethoxam plants (28 mg per 60,000 seeds), while the second factor comprised seeds without inoculation; seed inoculation with A. brasilense (100 mL per 60,000 seeds), foliar spray inoculant base A. brasilense (300 mL ha-1) and associated with the seed inoculated with A. brasilense foliar spray, tested in high ambient and applying average production technology. The treatments were evaluated by morphometric analysis, nutrient content in plant tissues, components production and crop yield. The bacterial population showed a linear decrease with increasing doses of thiamethoxam. The dose of 42 mg of thiamethoxam caused reduction in emergence speed, SPAD index, shoot length and root, root volume, root/shoot and dry matter of shoots, while inoculation showed activity positive physiological quality of seedlings. Thus, combined with inoculation dose of 28 mg thiamethoxam demonstrates synergistic effect in the early development of maize seedlings. In the field, thiamethoxam, as well as seed inoculation + foliar spray promote increase in plant length, stem diameter, leaf and mass accumulation area throughout the plant cycle in both environments. Reduction in moisture content, impurities and discounts of grain mass, as well as increases in leaf phosphorus levels are the result of inoculation, yet without deterioration in corn yields. Thiamethoxam also reduced the moisture of the grain mass. Productivity was increased by the presence of thiamethoxam on average productive technology environment