Exposição ao herbicida a base de glifosato durante o período peripuberal potencializa alterações no sistema antioxidante e na atividade da enzima colinesterase em camundongos adultos submetidos à dieta hiperlipídica

Abstract

It has been pointed out that environmental interventions such as exposure to pesticides in the development critical times (programming windows) lead to a series of metabolic disorders, there are possible correlation with a global obesity epidemic. Glyphostebased herbicide (GBH) are the most used in the world. Although it is apparentley safe, it is considered a probable endocrine disruptor, carcinogen, oxidative stress inducer, anticholinesterase, in addition to several other problems. We evaluated whether peripubertal exposure to GBH potentiates changes in the antioxidant system and in the cholinesterase enzyme in the liver, hypothalamic and muscle tissues in male and female mice induced to obesity in adulthood by means of a hyperlipidic Diet (DH). Also, we verified whether exposure to GBH during the peribubertal period exacerbates the deleterious effects of obesity in animals that received DH. The sample group consisted of 47 male and female mice, when they completed 30 days of life the animals were divided according to sex and type of exposure, control (CTL) and glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH). The CTL group received water by gavage and GBH group received by gavage the herbicide at a concentration of 50mg.kg-1 , considered a low dose, in which the population is chronically exposed. At 60 days of life (adulthood) the animals were separated in relation to diet, that are; standard (DP) and hyperlipidic (DH). Therefore, groups were created; CTL-DP; CTL-DH; GBH-DP; GBH-DH. At 150 days of life were obtained the biometric measurements of the animals, then they were anesthetized and performed the dissection of the soleus muscle, hypothalamus, liver and adipose tissues. In the last three tissues, it was checked the enzymatic antioxidant system activity. We quantified malondialdehyde to determine the levels of lipoperoxidation (LPO) and evaluatedthe cholinesterases. In the statistical analyses, it was used the R program and applied an analysis of the triple factor variance, subsequently applied to the analysis of the main components, with a significance level of (p<0,05). GBH-DH animals tend to be heavier in both sexes compared to other groups, similarly seen in females, with a higher Lee index and adipose tissues. We showed greater enzymatic activities and LPO reaction in the liver of GBH-DH females, when compared to GBH-DP and CTL-DP. In the muscle tissue was verified reductions in the enzyme activities and an increase of LPO in GBH-DH females, when compared to GBH-DP and CTL-DP. In males no statistical differences founded. With this research, we checked that exposure to GBH during peripubertal period potentiated changes in the antioxidant system and ChE in females which received hyperlipidic diet and such changes occured in the liver and soleus muscle. In addiction, we show evidence of obesogenic effects when the organism is subjected to the herbicide and the second hit (DH), which can amplify the effects of programming.