Assistência estudantil na Unila: critérios de acesso, perfil e permanência de brasileiros e estrangeiros entre 2014 e 2018

Abstract

The National Student Assistance Plan (PNAES), created in 2010, constitutes the main guiding document of the Student Assistance (SA) policy of Brazilian public universities. The present research, quantitative and descriptive, had the general objective of analyzing the access criteria, the profile and the permanence of Brazilians and foreigners attended by the AE program of the Federal University of Latin America (Unila), from 2014 to 2018. For Data collection, carried out between March and April 2019, used primary and secondary sources, such as the socioeconomic record, institutional notices, minutes of meetings, socioeconomic assessment spreadsheets, information from Unila's Integrated Management System, Institutional Development Plan, in addition to the database of the psychology and health care sections of the Dean of Student Affairs. The collected data were organized in an Excel spreadsheet, composing a database with information from 1,778 students. The results show that the criteria for access to AE are characterized as focal, selective and not universal; 52% (n=924) of the students served by the program are Brazilian and 48% (n=854) foreigners, among them the majority 11% (n=195) are Colombians and 1% (n=02) Guatemalans; the majority 53% (n=488) of Brazilian students are female, among foreigners 55% (n = 466) are male; age is concentrated between 20 and 30 years in both groups; white is prevalent among Brazilians with 45% (n=416) and foreigners 46% (n=427), pardos and blacks together represent 46% (n=427) of the total Brazilians and 38.3% (n=326) foreigners; the per capita income of Brazilian students is in the range of half to one minimum wage, among foreigners it is less than half a salary; the main work activity of parents or guardians of Brazilians and foreigners is the provision of services; the courses most in demand by Brazilian students are in the Humanities area, with History of Latin America the highest percentage with 7.5% (n=69), among foreigners, the courses with the greatest demand are International Relations and Integration with 7 , 0% (n = 58) and Medicine with 6.2% (n=53); the biggest drop among students assisted by the program was Chileans with 39.2% (n=20), among Brazilians the percentage was 13.5% (n=125), with the majority of these being 55.3% (n=36) the city gives in to Unila. It is concluded that, given the specificities of differentiated admission to Unila, for Brazilians and foreigners, and for these the notices already indicate the number of vacancies with guaranteed aid, Brazilians face greater difficulties in accessing the benefits of the program. In addition, although the program pursues its objectives, it does not guarantee a significant reduction in the abandonment of its users, which may indicate the existence of internal (repetitions) and / or external factors (need to contribute financially to the family), which prevent many students to complete higher education.