Extrato hidroetanólico da semente e da casca de guavira na alimentação de frangos de corte

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary inclusion of guavira seed and bark extracts (Campomanesia adamantium) on the performance, relative weight of gastrointestinal tract organs, intestine morphometric and carcass yield of broilers from 1 to 42 days. A total of 1,680 one-day-old male chicks were used, distributed in a randomized design, in a 2x5 + 2 factorial design (hydroethanolic seed extract (HSE) and guavira bark (HGB); 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm of inclusion and two controls - positive with antibiotic addition and negative without additive – with seven replicates and 20 birds per experimental unit. The effects of the type and levels of seed and bark extraction as well as the interaction between these factors were verified by analysis of variance, excluding the controls. The effect of the levels on the evaluated characteristics was determined by polynomial regression, when it was irrelevant, linear contrasts were used. A comparison between diets containing HSE and HGB, and a positive control (PC) and negative control (NC) diet was performed by the F test for orthogonal contrasts. Regardless of the extract level added in the feed, it was observed that the birds fed with HSE had a higher (P <0.05) weight gain from 1 to 21 days compared to those who had received diets with HGB. The birds fed PC diet showed better feed conversion from 1 to 7 and from 1 to 21 days when compared to the birds fed the NC diet. The birds fed PC diet showed a better feed conversion in the initial period (1 to 7 days) compared to the birds that received diets containing HSE or HGB, and this better conversion was maintained up to 21 days compared to the diet used HGB. It was observed that regardless of the level of inclusion, the use of HSE in the diets reduced the small intestine weight in relation to the HGB. Comparing the extract types regardless of inclusion levels and control diets, the birds fed with HGB had higher crypt depth. Regardless of the inclusion level, birds that consumed diets containing EHC presented higher percentage of carcass yield compared to birds that received EHS. The addition of 100 to 500 ppm hydroethanolic extract of bark and guavira seed did not improve performance, organ development, intestinal morphometry as well as carcass characteristics when compared to antibiotic performance enhancing. However, considering the total rearing period and the non-use of feed performance enhancing additives, the inclusion of guavira bark hydroethanolic extract provided better broiler performance.