Avaliação do efeito do resveratrol sobre os tecidos periodontais de ratos submetidos à periodontite experimental

Abstract

Resveratrol is a polyphenol well known for its health benefits: can prevent obesity, improve metabolic control of diabetes, prevent and treat rheumatoid arthritis, exercise anticancer activity, besides protect against neural degeneration and prevent cardiovascular disease. It has also been shown that resveratrol can positively interfere with osteoblastogenesis, contributing to a new bone formation, possibly promoting immunomodulator effect on host response in presence of periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the appearance of periodontal tissues under resveratrol administration by means of histological, morphological and radiographic examinations of experimentally induced periodontitis rats. For the accomplishment of this study, 24 male Wistar rats, with 75 days of age were used, from which half of the total amount of animals receiving a ligature around the first inferior right and left molars, that acted as a gingival irritant for 30 days, favoring the accumulation of plaque and, consequently, the development of periodontal disease, forming the groups with experimental periodontitis. After this procedure, 4 groups were generated: 1) Control Group (CON); 2) Ligature Group (LIG); 3) Resveratrol Group (RSV); 4) Ligature-Resveratrol Group (LIG-RSV). Animals belonging to the Resveratrol groups received a daily dose of 10 mg/kg body weight of the polyphenol, orally, for 4 weeks. After 105 days of the experimental period, euthanasia was carried out, where gingival tissue samples were collected for immunological analysis, as well as hemimandibula dissection, which were submitted to histological, morphological and radiographic analysis to evaluate the periodontal tissues. The results showed a significantly lower alveolar bone loss (p <0.05) in the animals receiving Resveratrol, evidenced both radiographically, histomorphometrically and histologically in the bone cell count. In addition, resveratrol was able to reduce the concentration ofinterleukin-17 (IL-17) in the groups that receive it, associated or not with periodontal disease induced, but showed no protective effect on the gingival tissues of the animals. Thus, it can be concluded from these results, that the administration of resveratrol could provoke a protective effect on the alveolar bone loss of rats with experimental periodontitis, in addiction to action positively on IL-17. However, it had no effect on the gingival tissues of the groups in presence of periodontal tissues.