Avaliação clínica da influência da obesidade nos tecidos periodontais de pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2

Abstract

Periodontitis is often associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) and may be considered one of the chronic complications of the disease. Increasing evidence indicates that periodontal disease (AD) has an adverse effect on glycemic control and an active participation in the pathophysiology of complications related to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of obesity after conventional periodontal treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with moderate to severe periodontitis. Thirty-six patients with age ranging from 25 to 65 years old were evaluated, 20 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and moderate to severe periodontal disease (No Obese Group) and 16 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and moderate to severe periodontal disease (Obese Group). These patients received conventional periodontal treatment and they were evaluated through plaque index, depth of probing, clinical insertion level, bleeding probing and gingival crevicular fluid analysis, as well as laboratory tests of glycated hemoglobin, fasting glycemia, total cholesterol and fractions and triglycerides. Periodontal and laboratory parameters were evaluated at 0 and 6 months. The results showed improvements in periodontal and laboratorial clinical parameters (p <0.05) in the evaluated periods, however the No Obese Group presented significantly better results when compared to the Obese Group. It is possible to conclude that the presence of obesity may embarrass the improvement of periodontal clinical parameters after conventional periodontal treatment in patients with Diabetes Mellitus and periodontitis.