A subversividade em Paulo Freire: um espectro nos ronda, o fantasma das ditaduras no Brasil e na Argentina

Abstract

The aim of our dissertation is the subversion in Paulo Freire. We used a figure of speech, that is, the spectrum which surrounds us to talk about military dictatorships and the context of Paulo Freire's life and work. We present in a dialectical form the concept of subversion, and, as an elucidative one, we list and name some subversives. subjective and objective elements of our approach to the concept of subversion have been presented, supporting the main thesis: Paulo Freire was an international subversive, in life and work, both in Brazil and in Argentina. The methodology we used was historical materialism. We emphasized comparative research since we are dealing with two countries (Brazil and Argentina). We have used two methodological approaches to prove the thesis: bibliographical and documentary. Our main aim was to find the subversivity in Paulo Freire in the biases: conceptual, political and pedagogical and the pertinence of the author to the present. The facts and the documents, besides our interpretation, showed the legacy of Paulo Freire, both in Brazil and in Argentina. In Brazil, Paulo Freire was arrested and forced into exile. On his return to the country he assumed positions of prominence, progressive positions, always in defense of the oppressed ones, while his works were used by popular educators. He is the patron of our education. In Argentina we proved that Paulo Freire's theory circulated, was appropriate and resulted in a guide to practice, especially to progressive teachers. Moreover, Paulo Freire was present in Argentina in 1973, in communion with rectors, teachers and students. After the redemocratization in Argentina, Paulo Freire returned to the country and made an analysis of the social and political conjuncture and of his own participation as international subversive. Thus, we show what the author said about Argentina, what the Argentinians said about Paulo Freire, and what the documents show about Paulo Freire in that country. Regarding the historical moment in which we live, in Brazil and Argentina, we understand that there is a "ghost that surrounds us", in other words, the phantom of dictatorships. Paulo Freire is a living theory, praxis, his life can serve as inspiration, and his works to the understanding to those who opted for the "ragged ones of this world